原文翻译：

比在美洲大陆扩张更根本的事情正在发生，尽管所谓的大国几乎没有注意到——随着美国成为世界上最强大的国家，一个新成员加入了他们的俱乐部。到 年，美国的制造业产出已经超过了当时被认为是世界主要工业强国的英国。到世纪之交，它消耗的能源比德国、法国、奥匈帝国、俄罗斯、日本和意大利的总和还要多。 从南北战争到世纪之交，美国的煤炭产量增长了 %，钢轨增长了 %，铁路里程增长了 %，小麦产量增长了 %。移民导致美国人口翻了一番，而且增长过程可能会加速。

没有一个国家在经历过如此强大的力量增长的情况下不寻求将其转化为全球影响力。美国领导人受到了诱惑。安德鲁·约翰逊（Andrew Johnson）总统的国务卿苏厄德（Seward）梦想建立一个包括加拿大以及墨西哥大部分地区并延伸到太平洋深处的帝国。格兰特政府想吞并多米尼加共和国，并玩弄获取古巴。这些举措，是当时欧洲领导人迪斯雷利或俾斯麦会理解和赞成的。

《大外交》第二章《关键：西奥多·罗斯福 或 伍德罗·威尔逊》，第页。

原文：

Something more fundamental than expansion across the American continent was taking place, though it went practically unnoticed by the so-called Great Powers-a new member was joining their club as the United States became the world&#;s most powerful nation. By , the United States had surpassed Great Britain, then considered the world&#;s major industrial power, in manufacturing output. By the turn of the century, it was consuming more energy than Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, Russia, Japan, and Italy combined. Between the Civil War and the turn of the century, American coal production rose by percent, steel rails by percent, railway track mileage by percent, and wheat production by percent. Immigration contributed to the doubling of the American population. And the process of growth was likely to accelerate.

No nation has ever experienced such an increase in its power without seeking to translate it into global influence. America&#;s leaders were tempted. President Andrew Johnson&#;s Secretary of State, Seward, dreamed of an empire including Canada and much of Mexico and extending deep into the Pacific. The Grant Administration wanted to annex the Dominican Republic and toyed with the acquisition of Cuba. These were the kinds of initiatives which contemporary European leaders, Disraeli or Bismarck, would have understood and approved of.

DIPLOMACY, 2, The Hinge: Theodore Roosevelt or Woodrow Wilson，p37.

随笔：这部分文字，清楚说明了美国的国力发展，揭示了美国外交转变的根本原因。具体衡量指标为：制造业产量，能源消耗，煤炭产量，钢轨产量，铁路里程，小麦产量，人口数量。另一方面是，美国的扩张主义从来就有其市场，目标一是加拿大和墨西哥，目标二是中美洲岛国，包括古巴、多米尼加等。安德鲁·约翰逊和尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特这两任总统在位是年，时至年，一个半世纪后，美国总统特朗普又提出了加拿大为美国第五十一个州、墨西哥湾改为美国湾、收购格陵兰岛的主张，把美国的扩张主义又一次表现出来。还有一个有趣的观测点是，约翰逊总统是美国历史上评价最差的总统之一，格兰特总统是争议很大的一位总统，特朗普会怎么样，我们拭目以待。

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